Einstein@Home 官方介绍文章 - 中文翻译
关于 Einstein@Home 项目的详细介绍如下：（英文）转自：http://www.physics2005.org/events/einsteinathome/index.html
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Einstein@Home
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Albert Einstein discovered long ago that we are adrift in a universe filled with waves from space. Colliding black holes, collapsing stars, and spinning pulsars create ripples in the fabric of space and time that subtly distort the world around us. These gravitational waves have eluded scientists for nearly a century. Exciting new experiments will let them catch the waves in action and open a whole new window on the universe - but they need your help to do it!
What is Einstein@Home?
What are GEO 600 and LIGO?
What is a gravitational wave?
How can you help?
What platforms will be compatible?
What should you do?
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What is Einstein@Home?
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Pulsar-driven Crab Nebula, as photographed by the orbiting
Chandra x-ray Observatory
Einstein@Home is a project developed to search data from the Laser Interferometer Gravitational wave Observatory (LIGO) in the US and from the GEO 600 gravitational wave observatory in Germany for signals coming from rapidly rotating neutron stars, known as pulsars. Scientists believe that some pulsars may not be perfectly spherical, and if so, they should emit characteristic gravitational waves, which LIGO and GEO 600 will begin to detect in coming months.
Bruce Allen of the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee's (UWM) LIGO Scientific Collaboration (LSC) group is leading the development of the Einstein@Home project.
Einstein@Home is one, small part of the LSC scientific program. It is being set up as a distributed computing project, which means that it relies on computer time donated by private computer users like you to search for pulsars.
What are GEO 600 and LIGO?
GEO 600 is a gravitational wave observatory in Hanover, Germany built by an international collaboration of scientists from the UK and Germany. LIGO consists of two US facilities, one located in Livingston, Louisiana and the other in Hanford, Washington.
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Aerial view of LIGO’s Livingston, LA facility
courtesy of LIGO Laboratory
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Aerial view of LIGO’s Hanford, WA facility
courtesy of LIGO Laboratory
All three observatories measure ripples in the fabric of spacetime known as gravitational waves. The waves are detected with perpendicular pairs of laser beams located at each facility.
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Adjusting the mirrors at Hanford
courtesy of LIGO Laboratory
When a gravitational wave passes by, it can change the lengths of the paths the laser beams follow by tiny amounts. LIGO and GEO 600 scientists observe gravitational waves by comparing these changes in the laser beam paths. Longer laser beams mean greater sensitivity. The lasers beams travel back and forth between pairs of mirrors that are 600 meters apart in GEO and four kilometers apart in the LIGO facilities, which makes these observatories very sensitive. In fact LIGO should be able to measure changes in the laser beam paths as small as one-hundred-millionth the diameter of a hydrogen atom.
What is a gravitational wave?
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courtesy of LIGO Laboratory
Gravitational waves are ripples in the fabric of space and time produced by events in our galaxy and throughout universe, such as black hole collisions, shockwaves from the cores of exploding supernovas, and rotating pulsars. These ripples in the space-time fabric travel toward Earth, bringing with them information about their origins, as well as invaluable clues to the nature of gravity.
Albert Einstein predicted the existence of gravitational waves in his general theory of relativity, but only now in the 21st Century has technology advanced enough for scientists to detect and study them. Although gravitational waves have not yet been detected directly, their influence on a binary pulsar (two neutron stars orbiting each other) has been measured accurately, and was found to be in good agreement with original predictions. Joseph Taylor and Russell Hulse shared the 1993 Nobel Prize in Physics for their studies in this field.
How can you help?
Einstein@Home will rely on private owners of PCs, like you, to donate computer time to the analysis of LIGO data. All you’ll have to do is install a small, screen saver program to your computer. The screen saver will automatically download a tiny portion of the enormous data set that LIGO will collect. When your computer is otherwise idle, it will analyze the data and send it back to the LIGO scientists. The screen saver only runs when you’re not using the computer, or when you choose to manually turn the program on. Einstein@Home will not affect your computer’s performance.
We are fortunate to have David Anderson, the pioneering developer of SETI@Home, helping us put the Einstein@Home project together. SETI@Home is a revolutionary distributed computing program that searches data from the Arecibo radio observatory for signs of extraterrestrial life. The total computing power donated to SETI@Home currently far exceeds the capabilities of any super computer yet built.
What platforms will be compatible?
The screensavers are being developed for Linux, Windows and Mac operating systems.
What should you do?
Sign up to be notified when Einstein@Home is ready to go live! We can't send you the screen saver right now - it will be available as part of the World Year of Physics celebration in early 2005. But if you get on the list, you'll be among the first to know when everything is ready. We hope as many as a million people will join the effort, which means we need to compile a list of potential users as soon as possible. Einstein@Home is real - and important - science, at the grassroots level.
Sign-up! 中文翻译系碧城仙于网络搜索所得，该翻译文字见于“尹璋琦的网络日志”，页面地址是：http://linux.xjtu.edu.cn/~yinzhangqi/blog/item/einstein_at_home_project/category/backup ，但是该页面目前无法访问，所以本人无法与 尹璋琦 联系以获得转载的授权。本着更好的推广 Eintein@Home 的目的，本人通过网页快照(http://cache.baidu.com/c?word=einstein%3B%40%3Bhome&url=http%3A//linux%2Exjtu%2Eedu%2Ecn/%7Eyinzhangqi/blog/item/einstein%5Fat%5Fhome%5Fproject/category/backup&b=0&a=15&user=baidu)功能将其转载出来，再想办法联系 尹璋琦 ，希望 尹璋琦 能够同意我站转载。
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Einstein@Home计划
为了庆祝2005国际物理年，我把Eintein@Home计划翻译成中文，希望能够有更多的中国人参与到这个计划中来。
英语原文地址：http://physics2005.org/events/einsteinathome/index.html
阿尔伯特.爱因斯坦在很久以前发现，我们在充满着空间波动的宇宙中随波逐流。黑洞碰撞，恒星崩塌，以及自旋脉冲星激起了空间时间结构的波动，波动微妙的扭曲了我们周围的世界。这些引力波已经把科学家难倒了近一个世纪。令人激动的新实验将使他们捕捉到运动中的引力波，并打开一整扇通往宇宙的新窗户──但这需要你的帮助来完成。
什么是家中爱因斯坦?
GEO 600和LIGO是什么?
什么是引力波?
你能如何帮助?
适用于哪些平台?
你应该怎么做?
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什么是家中爱因斯坦?
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脉冲星推动的蟹状星云, 由太空中的钱德拉x射线探测仪拍摄
“家中爱因斯坦”是一项计划，发起它的目的在于从位于美国的引力波激光干涉仪(LIGO)，以及位于德国GEO 600引力波观测仪的数据中搜索来自快速旋转的中子星，也就是所谓脉冲星中的信号。科学家们相信有些脉冲星不是完美的球形，且如果是这样，它们应该发射出特定的引力波，LIGO和GEO 600将会在几个月后开始探测这些引力波。
Wisconsin-Milwaukee大学(UWM)LIGO科学合作(LSC)组的布鲁斯.艾伦领导着“家中爱因斯坦”计划的发展。
“家中爱因斯坦”是LSC科学程序的一小部分。它作为一个独立的计算项目创建起来，意味着它依靠个人计算机用户，比如你贡献的计算机时间来搜索脉冲星。
GEO 600 和 LIGO 是什么?
GEO 600是在德国汉诺威的一个引力波观测仪，通过来自英国和德国的科学家们的国际合作建设而成。LIGO包括两台美国设备，一个安放在路易斯安娜州的李文斯顿，另一个在华盛顿州的汉福。
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LIGO 李文斯顿空中俯视图 ，LA facility
LIGO实验室惠赠
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LIGO 汉福空中俯视图, WA facility
LIGO实验室惠赠
这三个观测仪都测量空时结构中的波纹，也就是人们知道的引力波。引力波由放置在每台装置中的一对相互垂直的激光束来探测。
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在汉福校准镜子，LIGO实验室惠赠
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当引力波通过时，它能使激光束传播路径的长度出现微小改变。LIGO和GEO 600的科学家们通过比较激光束路径的改变观察引力波。激光束在一对镜子间来回运动，GEO里镜子相距600米，LIGO设备里相距4千米，这使得这些观测仪非常灵敏。实际上，LIGO能够测量的激光束路径的改变，可以小到一个氢原子直径的一百万分之一。
什么是引力波?
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LIGO实验室惠赠
引力波是空间时间结构的波动，由我们银河系和遍布宇宙的事件引起，比如黑洞碰撞，超新星爆发核心的振动和旋转的脉冲星。这些空时结构中的波动朝着地球传播，携带着它们源头的信息，以及引力本质的无价的线索。
阿尔伯特.爱因斯坦在他的广义相对论中预言了引力波的存在，但直到现在在21世纪，才发展出足够的技术，使科学家能够观察它，研究它。尽管引力波仍未曾被直接探测到，它对脉冲双星(两颗绕对方旋转的中子星)的影响已经得到精确的测量，且发现与原始的预测符合得很好。小约塞夫.泰勒和拉赛尔.赫尔斯由于他们在这个方面的研究获得了1993年的诺贝尔物理学奖。
你能如何帮助?
“家中爱因斯坦”将会依靠个人电脑的所有者，比如你，贡献计算机时间来分析LIGO的数据。你要做的全部工作是在你的电脑上安装一个小小的屏保程序。这个屏保将会自动从LIGO收集到的海量数据中下载很小一部分。当你的计算机空闲时，它将会分析数据并且送回给LIGO科学家。屏保只会在你不用计算机时，或者当你选择手动打开程序时运行。“家中爱因斯坦”将不会影响你的电脑的性能。
我们很幸运有SETI@Home的开创人大卫.安得森帮助我们将“家中爱因斯坦”计划整理好。SETI@Home 是一个革命性的分布计算程序，它在由Arecibo的射电观察仪得到的数据中搜索外星生命发出的信号。贡献给SETI@Home的整个计算能力如今远远超过任何已经建成的超级计算机。
适用于哪些平台?
屏保程序针对Linux，Windows 和 Mac 操作系统编写。
你应该怎么做?
签字同意当“家中爱因斯坦”即将开始实施时通知你! 我们现在不能给你屏保──它将作为世界物理年庆典的一部分，在2005年初发布。但如果你进入清单，在一切准备完毕时你将会最早知道。我们希望有上百万人能够参与进来，这意味着我们要尽快收集潜在的用户清单。“家中爱因斯坦”是真正的也是重要的平民阶层科学。
签字! 不错,除了最后的"签字"感觉比较怪怪:)
另外,现在原文也已经有所修改了:) Youth在 2005-5-13 08:48 发表:
不错,除了最后的"签字"感觉比较怪怪:)
应该是“注册加入”的意思，我只是原文转载，没对他的翻译做任何修改。 Einstein@home就不要翻译成“家中爱因斯坦”了吧？ 德国之声介绍过,都快忘了 引用 碧城仙 在 2005-5-12 22:26 时的帖子:
实际上，LIGO能够测量的激光束路径的改变，可以小到一个氢原子直径的一百万分之一。
翻错啦
引用 mcv 在 2005-10-24 12:40 时的帖子:
翻错啦
我们正在计划将文章重新翻译一遍，如果您有兴趣，欢迎加入到我们的翻译工作中来，欢迎您浏览 http://www.equn.com/forum/viewthread.php?tid=9828 页面以了解我们的翻译计划。 我已经查到了原文翻译人尹璋琦的联系方式，邮件已经发过去了，正在等待答复中.....
相关链接：
http://linux.xjtu.edu.cn/~yinzhangqi/
http://linux.xjtu.edu.cn/~yinzhangqi/blog/about.php 没想到邮件没发过去几分钟，马上就收到回复了，在此，谨对尹璋琦朋友同意我们转载和修改表示我们最为衷心的感谢！
附邮件部分原文：
日期: Sat, 29 Oct 2005 23:07:22 +0800
发件人: "Zhangqi Yin" <yinzhangqi#*****.com>
收件人: "丁聪" <dingcong888#*****.cn>
主题: Re: 希望您同意我转载您翻译的关于Einstein@Home的文章
多谢你们对我的翻译感兴趣，如果你们能够对我的翻译做改进，我很愿意。
--
Physics is like s e x: sure, it may give some practical results, but
that's not why we do it.
by Richard Feynman
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