In 1980, Graham and Sloane first introduced the notion of harmonious labelling on general graphs. It is a labelling scheme related to additive base. Basically, for a graph with e edges, a harmonious labelling is a labelling such that every node receives a different label that makes the sum modulo e of adjacent nodes runs from 0 through e - 1. This is not a trivial labeling, in the sense that not all graphs have a harmonious labelling. If a graph has a harmonious labelling, we say that it is harmonious.
Graham and Sloane proposed the following conjecture: Every tree is harmonious. Equivalently speaking, they conjectured that for every tree with n nodes, we can label them from 0 to n - 1 without repetition, such that the sum modulo (n - 1) of two adjacent nodes runs from 0 through n - 2.
According to Gallian's dynamic survey on graph labelling, there are few results on harmonious trees. Graham and Sloane proved that caterpillars are harmonious. Aldred and McKay used a computer program to verify that all trees with at most 26 nodes are harmonious. Recently, Fang proposed a new algorithm and pushed the verification to trees with at most 31 nodes. A distributed version of this algorithm is used in this subproject.
In this subproject, we aim to verify if trees with limited size are all harmonious. If they are all harmonious, it will confirm our faith in this conjecture. Otherwise, if a counter-example is found, it will immediately disprove the conjecture, therefore disprove a lasting open problem in graph theory.作者: refla 时间: 2011-8-5 18:29
预备知识1:模运算
作者: refla 时间: 2011-8-5 18:38
In 1980, Graham and Sloane first introduced the notion of harmonious labelling on general graphs. It is a labelling scheme related to additive base. Basically, for a graph with e edges, a harmonious labelling is a labelling such that every node receives a different label that makes the sum modulo e of adjacent nodes runs from 0 through e - 1. This is not a trivial labeling, in the sense that not all graphs have a harmonious labelling. If a graph has a harmonious labelling, we say that it is harmonious.
1980年,格雷厄姆(Graham)和斯隆(Sloane)首次提出了图论中的“调和标号(harmonious labelling)”这一概念。调和标号是一种与附加前提有关的编号策略(scheme)。对于一张有 e 条边的图,图中的每一结点都有一个不同的编号,然后把相邻结点的编号加起来再取模e后,作为边的标号。如果标号恰好是从 0 到 e-1,则称这是一个调和标号。虽然这不是一个繁琐的标号(策略),但并非每张图都能生成一个调和标号。如果一张图有一个调和标号,就称图是调和的。
Graham and Sloane proposed the following conjecture: Every tree is harmonious. Equivalently speaking, they conjectured that for every tree with n nodes, we can label them from 0 to n - 1 without repetition, such that the sum modulo (n - 1) of two adjacent nodes runs from 0 through n - 2.
格雷厄姆和斯隆提出一个猜想:每棵树都是和谐的。也就是说,对于有 n 个结点的树,一定可以从 0 到 n-1 无重复地标记各条边。
According to Gallian's dynamic survey on graph labelling, there are few results on harmonious trees. Graham and Sloane proved that caterpillars are harmonious. Aldred and McKay used a computer program to verify that all trees with at most 26 nodes are harmonious. Recently, Fang proposed a new algorithm and pushed the verification to trees with at most 31 nodes. A distributed version of this algorithm is used in this subproject.
加利安对图标号的动态研究(survey)过程中,有关调和树的成果寥寥可数。格雷厄姆和斯隆证明,毛毛虫(caterpillars,可能是一种树的形状)是和谐的。奥尔德雷德(Aldred)和麦凯(McKay)编程验证了 26 个结点以内的所有树(形)都是调和的。最近,方(Fang)提供了一个新算法,把验证的结点数提高到了 31 结点。我们这个子项目采用的,正是该算法的分布式版本。
In this subproject, we aim to verify if trees with limited size are all harmonious. If they are all harmonious, it will confirm our faith in this conjecture. Otherwise, if a counter-example is found, it will immediately disprove the conjecture, therefore disprove a lasting open problem in graph theory.
我们这个子项目的目标是,验证 n 个结点(size)以内的树都是调和的。如果证明结果为真(就是所有 n 个结点以内的树都是调和的),将会坚定(confirm)我们对这一猜想的信念。否则,哪怕只是找到一个反例,马上就能否定这一猜想,同时也就终结了图论当中一个悬而未决的问题了。作者: refla 时间: 2011-8-5 18:58
有关这一程序的实现。。。