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[已完成翻译] 您可以在自己的家里做科学实验

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发表于 2010-2-19 13:44:38 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
You Can Run Scientific Experiments in Your Own Home

来源:http://www.distributedcomputing.info/news.html
原载:http://planetpov.com/2010/01/23/you-can-run-scientific-experiments-in-your-own-home/
标题:You Can Run Scientific Experiments in Your Own Home - 您可以在自己的家里做科学实验
作者:KQuark
日期:2010年1月23日
概要:对分布式计算及主流项目进行了较为详细的介绍。
正文:

One of the things I found out about years ago that too many people have not heard of today is how you can use your computer’s idle CPU time to advance science. It all started when the SETI (Search for Extra-terrestrial Intelligence) and the University of California at Berkley started up SETI@home deployed on a large scale the concept of distributed computing. The concept is simple basically computer tasks are broken up into thousands and thousands of small tasks that can be distributed to thousands and thousands of personal computers. The result of using so many computers is creating a super computer where scientists can crunch huge amounts of data in relatively shorts amounts of time.
好几年前,我发现一件事情,太多太多的人时至今日仍从未听说过能使用个人电脑的闲置 CPU 计算资源来推进科学发展。这一切都开始于 SETI 计划和加州大学伯克利分校所创立的包含大规模的分布式计算概念的 SETI@home 项目。这个概念很简单,将计算任务分解为成千上万个小任务,然后分发给成千上万台个人计算机。使用这么多计算机的结果,就是创建了一台超级计算机,科学家可以在相对缩短的时间内处理大量的数据。

Now there dozens of projects that use distributed computing and a simple to use program called BOINC (Berkley created this software as well) is used to organize and run these different projects.  These projects range from creating an accurate three dimensional model of our Milky Way galaxy (MilkyWay@home) to predicting climate change (climateprediction.net).  Of course many of my personal favorite projects have to do with chemisty, biochemistry and particle physics.  The program BOINC is very easy to use and it’s simple to attach yourself to many interesting projects.  It requires fewer computer resources than you might think and I barely notice it is running.  Currently there are Active: 328,838 volunteers, 582,721 computers and you can download the program BOINC here.
现在有几十个项目,在通过一款简单的名叫 BOINC(伯克利创造了此软件) 的程序来利用分布式计算技术,从来实现对这些项目的组织和运行。这些项目涵盖面极广,从为银河系构建一个准确的三维模型(MilkyWay@home)到预测气候变化(climateprediction.net)等等,无所不有。当然,我个人喜欢的许多项目,都是与化学、生物和粒子物理学相关的。BOINC 程序操作简单,您能很方便的加入到任何您感兴趣的项目中去。它需要的计算机资源很少,比您想象的还要少,我几乎感觉不到它们在运行。目前在 BOINC 上活跃着 328838 位志愿者、582721 台计算机,您可以点击这里下载 BOINC 程序。

Many projects have interesting 3D animated graphics you can view when the project is running and a few even have screen savers.  A few projects I am attached to now are as follows:
许多项目配有绚丽的三维动画,您可以在项目运行或者出现屏幕保护时欣赏到。目前,我参与了以下一些项目:

SETI@Home or what I like to call “is their anybody out there” project.   The website describes the project in a short message below.
SETI@Home ,我喜欢称它为“地球外面有人吗”项目。该项目网站介绍如下。
SETI@home is a scientific experiment that uses Internet-connected computers in the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI). You can participate by running a free program that downloads and analyzes radio telescope data.
SETI@home 是一项利用全球联网的计算机共同搜寻地外文明(SETI)的科学实验计划。你可以通过运行一个免费程序下载并分析从射电望远镜传来的数据来加入这个项目。

Following is a screen shot of it runing one my computer and a short video of the screen saver.
下面是我电脑上运行该项目的屏幕截图和录像短片。

(译注:录像短片这里就不转载了。)

Rosetta@home information from their website.
Rosetta@home 网站上介绍如下。
Rosetta@home needs your help to determine the 3-dimensional shapes of proteins in research that may ultimately lead to finding cures for some major human diseases. By running the Rosetta program on your computer while you don’t need it you will help us speed up and extend our research in ways we couldn’t possibly attempt without your help. You will also be helping our efforts at designing new proteins to fight diseases such as HIV, Malaria, Cancer, and Alzheimer’s.  (the project has a nice screen saver as well)
Rosetta@home 需要您来帮助我们确定蛋白质的三维形状。这项工作将最终有助于寻找一些重大人类疾病的治疗方法。通过在您不使用计算机的时候运行 Rosetta 程序,您将可以加速并拓展我们的研究工作,而如果没有您的帮助这都是无法做到的。您也将帮助我们设计新的蛋白质以对付如爱滋,疟疾,癌症和阿尔茨海默病等。(本项目有靓丽的屏保)

Following is a good video describing the Rosetta project from YouTube.
下面是一个来自 YouTube 的介绍 Rosetta 项目的视频。
(译注:视频这里就不转载了。)

Below is a screen shot of the program calculating the tertiary protien structures.
下面是程序计算蛋白质三级结构时的屏幕截图。


Einstein@home is another great project that objective is to detect the presence of gravitational waves in our galaxy that were predicted by Einstein’s theory of Special Relativity.   Description of the project is listed below from the website.
Einstein@home 是另一个巨大的项目,目的是通过探测来验证我们的银河系内是否存在爱因斯坦狭义相对论中所预测的引力波。该项目网站上的介绍如下。
According to Albert Einstein, we live in a universe full of gravitational waves. He suggested that the movements of heavy objects, such as black holes and dense stars, create waves that change space and time. We have a chance to detect these waves, but we need your help to do it!
根据阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦的理论,人类生活在一个充满引力波的宇宙之中。他认为那些重量级天体,比如黑洞和高密度星体的运动产生了改变时空的引力波。现在,我们有机会去发现这些引力波,但是我们需要您的帮助来实现!
Einstein@Home uses computer time donated by computer owners all over the world to process data from gravitational wave detectors. Participants in Einstein@Home download software to their computers, which process gravitational wave data when not being used for other computer applications, like word processors or games. Einstein@Home doesn’t affect the performance of computers and greatly speeds up this exciting research.
Einstein@Home 利用分布在世界各处的计算机来分析处理引力探测器收集到的数据。参与者可通过下载一款软件参与 Einstein@Home。该软件只会利用你计算机内没有被其他程序,例如文字处理软件、游戏程序等等占用的资源来处理引力波数据。Einstein@Home 不会影响计算机的性能,却能大大加快这一激动人心的研究计划的进展。

Following is a video of the interesting screen saver that comes with the project.
下面是来自该项目的一段有趣的视频短片。
(译注:视频这里就不转载了。)

Climateprediction.net is one of the most interesting projects out there which includes about 100,000 simulation scenarios.  A short description of the project is contained below:
Climateprediction.net 是最有趣的项目之一,它包括近 10 万种模拟。该项目简介如下:
Climateprediction.net is a distributed computing project to produce predictions of the Earth’s climate up to 2080 and to test the accuracy of climate models. To do this, we need people around the world to give us time on their computers – time when they have their computers switched on, but are not using them to their full capacity.
Climateprediction.net 是一个分布式计算项目,项目旨在预测一直到2080年的地球气候,并验证气候模型的准确性。为此,我们需要全世界人民给我们提供他们计算机的空闲时间——当他们打开他们的计算机后,没有被使用的那部分时间。

The project has great interactive graphics capabilities and a screen saver that shows the resulting temperatures, pressures, cloud cover, rain & snow that the many models suggest.   Following is a short YouTube video showing the screen saver.
该项目拥有丰富的图像互动操作功能,屏保上能显示出气候模型在温度、压强、云层、雨雪等条件下的模拟效果。下面是一个展现该项目屏保的 YouTube 短片。
(译注:视频这里就不转载了。)

Following is a short documentary about the climatprediction.net project that was hosed by Sir. David Attenborough and was shown on BBC TV.
下面是一个关于 climatprediction.net 的简短纪录片,由 Sir. David 拍摄,在 BBC TV 播出。
(译注:视频这里就不转载了。)

Below is are two screen shot from the project from results calculated on my computer showing predicted temperate changes and changes in rain and snow fall, respectively.
下面是两张屏幕截图,是在我的电脑上运行给项目模拟出来的预测图,分别显示了温度、降雨量、降雪量等等的变化。



QMC@HOME Quantum Monte Carlo simulations used in calculating quantum properties for various chemicals.  The following describes the QMC project form the website below.
QMC@HOME 量子蒙特卡洛法(Quantum Monte Carlo)通常用来模拟计算各种化学物质的量子性质。下面是 QMC 项目网站上的介绍。
Quantum Chemistry 量子化学
- is the science that invents smart approximations to Quantum Theory to predict molecular information with high accuracy. Nevertheless the solving of even approximated quantum chemical equations for real life systems require huge amounts of computing power.
- 量子理论能够使我们预测分子结构极其相互反应,但是一旦研究的分子系统变大,量子理论方程会变得难以想象得复杂,求解过程需要大量的计算能力。

Quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) 量子蒙特卡洛法
- is a very promising method new to Quantum Chemistry. One of the major advantages of QMC is the ability to perform massively parallel calculations, which can be utilized to broaden the horizon of calculable systems by distributing the work over hundreds or even thousands of processors.
- 量子蒙特卡洛法是量子化学学科中一种非常有前途的方法,其中的一个重要优点是它可以使计算模拟工作分割成小块让许多计算机来同时完成。

Quantum Monte Carlo At Home (QMC@HOME)
- is a project designed to further develop the Quantum Monte Carlo method for general use in Quantum Chemistry. With the help of volunteers all over the world we want to aquire the computing power that is needed to test and further develop the opportunities of the promising new approach of Quantum Monte Carlo.
- QMC@HOME 项目试图深度开发量子化学领域的一个非常有前途的方法——量子蒙特卡洛法。我们希望借助世界各地志愿者,来获得测试和深度开发具有发展前途的新的量子蒙特卡洛法所需要的计算能力。

Here is a screen shot of a QMC simulation created by the program.
下面是程序创建的一个 QMC 模拟的屏幕截图。


MilkyWay@home from their website:
MilkyWay@home 网站上的介绍如下:

The goal of Milkyway@Home is to use the BOINC platform to harness volunteered computing resources in creating a highly accurate three dimensional model of the Milky Way galaxy using data gathered by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. This project enables research in both astroinformatics and computer science.  Following is an image from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey project.
MilkyWay@home 是一个基于 BOINC 平台的分布式运算项目,项目试图使用斯隆数字天空勘测计划(Sloan Digital Sky Survey) 的数据来精确构建银河系附近星流的三维动态模型。该项目将星座和计算机科学结合在一起开展研究。下面是斯隆数字天空勘测计划的宣传画。


There are other great that are not as flash but just as scientifically worthwhile.  Some of the other projects are as follows:
还有许多其他的大项目,项目名气可能并不闪亮,但是都值得科学家们去研究。下面再列举几个项目:

ABC@home a maths project to prove the ABC conjecture.
ABC@home 是一个数学类的项目,用来验证 ABC 猜想。

AQUA@home (Adiabatic QUantum Algorithms) is a research project whose goal is to predict the performance of superconducting adiabatic quantum computers.
AQUA@home (Adiabatic QUantum Algorithms 绝热量子算法) 是一个研究项目,旨在预测超导绝热量子计算机在解决材料科学和机器学习领域的各种复杂难题中能够起到的作用。

Cosmology@home which is a program that’s objective is to model the universe.
Cosmology@home 是一个为我们的宇宙建模的项目。

Several projects have been completed that have helped scientists and medical researchers understand the spread of maleria using computer models and simulations for predicting population growth and density around the planet.  The LHC (Large Hadron Collider) team is set to start distributed computing projects once they start receive data from the enormous device.
几个已完成的项目帮助科学家和医学研究人员使用计算机模型了解到疟疾的传播,并能模拟预测地球上人口的增减。LHC(大型强子对撞机)团队正计划再次启动分布式计算项目来处理即将从大型设备中接收到的大量数据。

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