CPDN-Sulphur Cycle Experiment翻译

zglloo

http://www.climateprediction.net/science/s-cycle.php
即兴翻译  多多指正
CPDN-Climate science -Sulphur Cycle Experiment
Sulphur Cycle Experiment
This experiment adds a fully interactive sulphur cycle to the model used in the climateprediction.net experiment. This will help us to identify the effects of sulphate aerosol on the global climate system and the sensitivity of the model to perturbing sulphur cycle parameters. For this new experiment, an extra 2 phases will be added to the 3 phase experiment_1. In one extra phase, the sulphate emissions will be changed to those expected in 2005, and in the other both sulphate and carbon dioxide will be changed. In addition, the sulphate emissions typical of 1985 will be included in the first 3 phases. This experiment will be available for download for a limited period of time, just like the thermohaline experiment we ran in 2004.
内容如下：
硫循环实验
       
本实验加入一个完全由互动的硫循环使用的模型在climateprediction.net实验。这将有助于我们找出影响硫酸盐气溶胶对全球气候系统和灵敏度模型对摄入硫循环参数。这项新的实验中其外的第二阶段将会加入到第三期实验1中.在这一期之外，硫酸排放将改变那些预期在2005年，以及其他两种硫酸盐和二氧化碳将被改变。此外，硫酸的典型排放将列入1985年第一阶段3期。这一试验将供有限的一段时间内用户下载，就如在2004年的温盐实验。

Why do we want to include sulphate aerosol in our models?
Sulphates act to scatter solar radiation and reduce the amount of solar energy reaching the surface. The reduction in solar radiation cools the surface and reduces the warming effect caused by greenhouse gases. So, a prediction of the climate in the 21st century needs to contain the effects of sulphate aerosol otherwise the warming trend may be overestimated - the so-called 'global dimming' effect.

为什么要包括硫酸盐气溶胶的模式？
运用硫酸盐法散射太阳辐射和减少数额太阳能到达地面.减少太阳辐射对地表温度的提升和降低变暖所造成的温室气体效应。所以，预测气候同时，在21世纪需要包含对硫酸盐气溶胶是否因变暖趋势而需要估测-所谓的‘全球暗化’效果。

From this experiment it is hoped that we will be able to better understand the range of uncertainty in climate models due to the parameters in the sulphur cycle. This information will then be used in climateprediction.net experiments 2 & 3.
从这个实验目的来看它是希望我们将能够更好地了解各种不确定的气候模型用于参数硫循环。这一信息将被用来在climateprediction.net实验2 & 3。
                                             温差图示
  


Figure 1 shows one model's surface temperature response to increasing sulphur emissions from pre-industrial levels (natural) to present day levels (natural plus anthropogenic). The cooling effect of sulphate aerosol can be seen throughout the whole northern hemisphere and corresponds to the high sulphate burden of the northern hemisphere shown in Figure 2.

图1显示一个模式的表面温度反应增加硫排放工业前水平（自然）以现今水平（自然加上人类为因素）冷却效应硫酸盐气溶胶可以看到，整个北半球相当于高硫酸盐负荷北半球图2。

                                          大规模混合比例1e-10kg/kg

Figure 2 shows the 1985 distribution of sulphate in the atmosphere over the North Atlantic, North America and Europe. The regions of high anthropogenic source emissions of sulphur dioxide leads to high concentrations of sulphate aerosol over the northern hemisphere continents. Unlike greenhouse gases, the distribution and concentration of sulphates varies a lot with location, as can be seen by comparing the sulphate concentration over the North Pole with that over North America.

Read about the experimental strategy of the standard, shorter experiment

图2根据图中显示，1985年分配硫酸盐在大气层超过北大西洋，北美和欧洲。高源地区的人为排放的二氧化硫导致高浓度的硫酸气溶胶北半球大洲。不同于温室气体，分布和浓度硫酸盐不同地段位置，可以看到比较硫酸浓度超过北极与超过北美。
       
阅读实验策略标准缩短实验

[ 本帖最后由 zglloo 于 2007-9-11 19:26 编辑 ]

refla

Sulphur Cycle Experiment
硫循环实验(Sulfur Cycle Experiment)【译注0-1】
【译注0-1】原文链接已经失效，我在网上搜了一下，发现Sulphur已改为Sulfur了。
参见http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cli ... ffshoot_experiments


This experiment adds a fully interactive sulphur cycle to the model used in the climateprediction.net experiment. This will help us to identify the effects of sulphate aerosol on the global climate system and the sensitivity of the model to perturbing sulphur cycle parameters. For this new experiment, an extra 2 phases will be added to the 3 phase experiment_1. In one extra phase, the sulphate emissions will be changed to those expected in 2005, and in the other both sulphate and carbon dioxide will be changed. In addition, the sulphate emissions typical of 1985 will be included in the first 3 phases. This experiment will be available for download for a limited period of time, just like the thermohaline experiment we ran in 2004.
我们为climateprediction.net实验所使用的模型，加入了一个与之有良好互动能力的硫循环实验。这将有助于我们找出硫酸盐气溶胶对全球气候系统的影响，以及气候模型对加入硫循环参数的敏感度。为了这次实验，climateprediction_1在原有3个阶段的基础上，新增了两个额外的阶段。在其中一个新增阶段，只有硫排放量被修改为2005年时的预测值；而在另一新增阶段，硫排放量和二氧化碳排放量都被修改了。此外，实验的头3个阶段，将使用1985年的硫排放量【译注1-1】。志愿者只能在有限时间内下载该试验，就如2004年所做的温盐实验一样。
【译注1-1】从这两句话上看，我猜原来3个阶段都没有硫排放量的参数。在这次实验中，这三个原有的阶段使用1985年的数据，新增两个阶段则使用2005年的数据。通过这样对比，就能达到实验的第二个目的——模型对加入硫循环参数的敏感度。

Why do we want to include sulphate aerosol in our models?
为什么要把硫酸盐气溶胶加入模型？

Sulphates act to scatter solar radiation and reduce the amount of solar energy reaching the surface. The reduction in solar radiation cools the surface and reduces the warming effect caused by greenhouse gases. So, a prediction of the climate in the 21st century needs to contain the effects of sulphate aerosol otherwise the warming trend may be overestimated - the so-called 'global dimming' effect.
硫酸盐能反射太阳辐射，减少了抵达地面的太阳能量，从而降低了地表温度，部分抵消掉温室气体引起的全球变暖效果。因此，预测21世纪的气候时，有一种观点认为，应该考虑硫酸盐对气候的影响，否则有可能高估了全球变暖的趋势。这就是所谓的“全球暗化”效果。

From this experiment it is hoped that we will be able to better understand the range of uncertainty in climate models due to the parameters in the sulphur cycle. This information will then be used in climateprediction.net experiments 2 & 3.
此次实验的目的，正是希望能更好地了解加入硫循环之后，气候模型的变化（uncertainty）幅度。实验结果将被用于随后的 climateprediction.ne 2 和 climateprediction.ne 3 实验。

Figure 1 shows one model's surface temperature response to increasing sulphur emissions from pre-industrial levels (natural) to present day levels (natural plus anthropogenic). The cooling effect of sulphate aerosol can be seen throughout the whole northern hemisphere and corresponds to the high sulphate burden of the northern hemisphere shown in Figure 2.
图1显示了某模型在增加了硫排放量之后，从工业化之前（自然界排放量）到当前（自然界加上人类的排放量）的地表温度变化（response）情况。整个北半球都能看到硫酸盐气溶胶的冷却效应，这与图2显示的北半球是硫酸盐高浓度地区的情况相一致。

Figure 2 shows the 1985 distribution of sulphate in the atmosphere over the North Atlantic, North America and Europe. The regions of high anthropogenic source emissions of sulphur dioxide leads to high concentrations of sulphate aerosol over the northern hemisphere continents. Unlike greenhouse gases, the distribution and concentration of sulphates varies a lot with location, as can be seen by comparing the sulphate concentration over the North Pole with that over North America.
图2则显示了1985年时，北大西洋、北美以及欧洲上空的大气层中，硫酸盐的分布情况。在人类大量排放二氧化硫的地区，导致北半球各大洲上空，都覆盖着浓浓的硫酸气溶胶。与温室气体不同，硫酸盐的浓度分布在地区间的差异很大。通过对比北极和北美上空的硫酸盐浓度，就能清楚地看到这一点。

arthur200000

refla 发表于  昨天 22:33
Sulphur Cycle Experiment
硫循环实验(Sulfur Cycle Experiment)【译注0-1】
【译注0-1】原文链接已经失效，我在网上搜了一下，发现Sulph...

略看了一下，貌似是硫酸盐气溶胶。来自: iPhone客户端