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楼主: Grё@thΙll

[已转移到维基条目] 我申请翻译有关LHC的,我本身也参加LHC~

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发表于 2005-8-26 20:51:20 | 显示全部楼层
科学家们已经发现所宇宙中所有的东西最初是源自于一些被称为元素粒子的“混沌”演变而来的。

似为:

科学家们已经发现所宇宙中所有的东西最初是源自基本粒子的。
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发表于 2005-8-26 21:11:59 | 显示全部楼层
这些物质被一些规则的力量所支配。
规则==〉基本

Some of these particles, such as the electron, are stable and form normal matter.
一些粒子(如电子)对于正常的物质来说是稳定的。
应为:
一些粒子(如电子)是稳定的,它们组成了通常的物质。

tell-tale可翻译为“信号”,意思是痕迹可以反映粒子是否出现

[ Last edited by fwjmath on 2005-8-26 at 21:43 ]

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发表于 2005-8-26 21:14:10 | 显示全部楼层
Since ALL particles have wave properties, physicists can use particles with the shortest possible wavelengths as their probes.
自从科学家可以利用工具检测波以后,他们能利用这些工具来研究比ALL粒子的波长短十亿倍的波。
应为:
由于所有粒子都具有波粒二象性,所以科学家就利用具有极短波长的粒子作为探针。

[ Last edited by fwjmath on 2005-8-26 at 21:18 ]

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发表于 2005-8-26 21:30:09 | 显示全部楼层
Tesla --〉特斯拉,磁场单位
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发表于 2005-8-26 21:40:28 | 显示全部楼层
同样,一个镜头对光速起作用

光束~~~
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 楼主| 发表于 2005-8-27 08:49:06 | 显示全部楼层

http://fans.equn.com/dingcong/lhc/LHC/lhc.html

A unique tool 别具一格的工具
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is a particle accelerator which is being built at CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, the world's largest particle physics laboratory. When it will switch on in 2007, it will be the most powerful instrument ever built to investigate on particles proprieties. 大型强子对撞机(LHC)是一台粒子加速器。它建造在CERN。CERN是一个欧洲的核能研究组织,是现世界上最大的物理实验室。当2007年时,LHC将全面开启。届时,它将会时全世界最强的粒子研究工具。
The LHC will take the place of CERN's Large Electron Positron (LEP) collider, and will sit in its 27 Km long tunnel, about 100m underground. It will accelerate 2 separate beams of protons up to an energy of 7 TeV , and then bring them into head-on collisions (from here the name "collider"). The protons collision energy will then be of 14 TeV. But the LHC will not be limited to the study of proton-proton collisions as it can also collide heavy ions, such as lead, with a collision energy of 1148 TeV. LHC将会代替LEP(大型正负电子对撞机)。它将坐落在100m的地下一条27km长的隧道里。它能将两束质子加速到7 TeV的能量,然后发生碰撞。质子碰撞所产生的能量将会有14 TeV。但LHC也不会限制质子与相对较重的离子的碰撞。他们的碰撞还能产生1148 TeV的能量。

A view of the LHC
Before being injected into the LHC, proton beams will be prepared by CERN's existing "accelerator complex". This is a succession of machines with increasingly higher energies, injecting the beam each time into the next one, which takes over to bring the beam to an even higher energy. 在向LHC注入之前,质子速将存放在CERN现有的accelerator complex里。这是一个机器的附带装置,里面有日益增加的能量。每次将质子束注入后,出来的将具有更高能量。

The CERN accelerator complex
CERN加速器复合体
To bend the 7 TeV protons around the ring, the LHC dipoles must be able to produce magnetic fields of 8.36 Tesla, a value which is made possible by the use of "superconductivity". This is the ability of certain materials, usually at very low temperatures, to conduct electric current without resistance and at about 300 degrees below room temperature (even colder than outer space!) and use the most advanced superconducting magnet and accelerator technologies ever employed. 1,296 superconducting dipoles and more than 2,500 other magnets will guide and collide the LHC beams. They range from small, normally conducting bending magnets to large, superconducting focusing quadrupoles. When completed, the accelerator will be the largest superconducting installation in the world. LHC必须拥有能制造8.36 Tesla的磁场,才能把带有7 TeV能量的质子的轨道弯曲城环状。这就要应用超导电的性质。要确保原料不性不变,必须在低温,没有电阻和能量损失的情况下工作。这样才能产生高能磁场。LHC将会在比室温低300度的环境下工作(甚至比外太空更冷!)。LHC的实验使用最高科技的加速器、超导电磁铁等。1296块超导电磁铁和超过2500块的其它磁铁将引导质子束的运行方向和使它们产生碰撞。它们之中有各种各样的磁铁,有大的,小的,有超导电的,调焦的,还有四极的。当LHC竣工以后,它将会使世界上最大的超导电设备。
Five experiments, with huge detectors, will study what happens when the LHC's beams collide. They will handle as much information as the entire European telecommunications network does today! 五项实验都配有检电器。它们将质子束碰撞时的信息记录下来并传送给我们。它们将处理比现在整个欧洲通讯网络信息量还大的数据!

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发表于 2005-8-27 08:49:38 | 显示全部楼层
已经对楼上 fwjmath 提出的地方做了一些修改,但是修改后的文件我还没上传...谢谢楼上的!
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 楼主| 发表于 2005-8-27 09:18:42 | 显示全部楼层
多谢 fwjmath 的指教!
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发表于 2005-8-27 20:05:53 | 显示全部楼层
引用 Grё@thΙll 在 2005-8-27 09:18 AM 时的帖子:
多谢 fwjmath 的指教!

抽空看几本关于粒子物理学的书
这样翻译起来会好很多
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发表于 2005-8-27 20:07:24 | 显示全部楼层
已经上传了,参见:http://fans.equn.com/dingcong/lhc/
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发表于 2005-8-27 20:17:22 | 显示全部楼层
http://fans.equn.com/dingcong/lhc/LHC/whyLHC.html

我翻译这个吧,这个专门的物理术语比较多
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发表于 2005-8-27 20:32:58 | 显示全部楼层
好的,非常感谢!!!
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发表于 2005-8-27 21:27:35 | 显示全部楼层
Why do we need the LHC?
为什么我们需要LHC?

Because our current understanding of the Universe is incomplete.
因为我们现在对宇宙的认识还不完整。

The theories and discoveries of thousands of physicists over the past century have created a remarkable picture of the fundamental structure of matter, which is called the Standard Model of Particles and Forces. The Standard Model is by now a well-tested physics theory, used to explain and exactly predict a vast variety of phenomena. High-precision experiments have repeatedly verified
subtle predicted effects. Nevertheless, physicists know that it can't be the end of the story, as it leaves many unsolved questions.
在过去一个世纪中,众多物理学家的理论和发现揭示了粒子与力的标准模型这一个描述物质基本结构的图景。在现在,标准模型已经被广泛验证,并被应用于解释并预言广泛的物理现象。不断重复的精确实验出来的结果与标准模型的预言精确匹配。不过,由于它还留下了很多未解之谜,所以,故事远未完结。


图中分别为:
上夸克       下夸克          电子中微子      电子
粲夸克       奇异夸克        μ子中微子      μ子
顶夸克       底夸克          τ子中微子      τ子

Among them, the reason why elementary particles have mass, and why their are different, is the most perplexing one. It is remarkable that such a familiar
concept is so poorly understood! The answer may lie within the Standard model, in an idea called the Higgs mechanism. According to this, the whole of space is filled with a 'Higgs field', and by interacting with this field, particles acquire their masses. Particles which interact strongly with the Higgs field are heavy, whilst those which interact weakly are light. The Higgs field has at least one new particle associated with it, the Higgs boson. If such particle exists, the LHC will be able to make it detectable.
在这些疑惑当中,最令人困惑的是:为什么基本粒子会有各自不同的质量呢?由于我们对这个如此简单的观念的理解如此的少,所以这个问题实在引人注目。这个问题的答案可能就是标准模型中一个叫“希格斯机制”的思想。根据这个思想,整个空间被一个所谓的“希格斯场”所充满,粒子通过与这个场相互作用而获得质量。与希格斯场相互作用强的质量就大,反之质量就小。这个希格斯场至少联系一个新的粒子,我们叫它西格斯玻色子。如果这样的粒子存在的话,LHC就可以探测到它。

Another puzzle concerns the existence of four different forces. When the Universe was young and much hotter than today, perhaps these forces all behaved as one. Particle physicists hope to find a single theoretical framework to prove this, and have already had some success. Two forces, the electromagnetic force and the weak force were 'unified' into a single theory in the 1970s. This theory was experimentally verified in a Nobel prize winning experiment at CERN a few years later. The weakest and the strongest forces, however, gravity and the strong force, remain apart. A very popular idea suggested by the unification of the forces is called supersymmetry or SUSY for short. SUSY predicts that for each known particle there is a 'supersymmetric' partner. If SUSY is right, then supersymmetric particles should be found at the LHC.
另一个疑问是关于四种力为何存在的。当宇宙诞生不久,还没变冷的时候,可能四种力的行为是一样的。粒子物理学家希望找到一个单一的理论体系来证明它,现在已经有了一定的进展。在19世纪70年代,电磁力和弱力已经被统一为一个单一的理论。几年以后,这个理论被一场在CERN举行的、后来获得诺贝尔奖的实验所证实。但是,四种力中强度最弱的引力和强度最强的强力还是水火不相容。力的统一暗示的一个流行的观点就是超对称(简称SUSY)。超对称预言,每一个已知粒子都有它的超对称“伙伴”。如果超对称是正确的,那么这些超对称粒子应该会在LHC中被找到。

Antimatter poses another riddle the LHC will help us also to solve the riddle of antimatter. It was once thought that antimatter was a perfect 'reflection' of matter - that if you replaced matter with antimatter and looked at the result in a mirror, you would not be able to tell the difference. We now know that the reflection is imperfect, and this could have led to the matter-antimatter imbalance. The LHC will be a very good 'antimatter-mirror', allowing us to put the Standard Model through one of its most grueling tests yet.
反物质给我们出了另一个谜,LHC能够帮助我们解答它。我们曾经一度认为反物质是物质的完美镜像。如果你将物质替换成反物质,然后在镜子中观看结果,你不会察觉与正常的有何不同。现在我们知道,这种镜像是不完美的,这就导致了物质与反物质之间的不平衡。LHC会成为一个很好的“反物质镜子”,能让我们用至今最严酷的实验来检验标准模型。

These are just a few of the questions the LHC should answer, but history has shown that the greatest advances in science are often unexpected. Although we have a good idea of what we hope to find at the LHC, nature may well have
surprises in store.
这只是LHC能够回答的一些问题。历史证明,最伟大的科学进步往往是无法预料的。尽管我们有一个建造LHC的绝佳理由,但自然总是出人意料的。

One thing is certain, the LHC will change our view of the Universe.
有一件事是确定的,就是LHC会改变我们对宇宙的看法

[ Last edited by fwjmath on 2005-8-27 at 21:29 ]

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发表于 2005-8-27 21:40:17 | 显示全部楼层
谢谢!!!http://fans.equn.com/dingcong/lhc/LHC/whyLHC.html 已经制作好并上传了,图片我正在处理中.....
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发表于 2005-8-27 21:51:06 | 显示全部楼层
这就要应用超导电的性质。
应为“超导”

里面有日益增加的能量
没有那么夸张,“不断增加”就行了

才能把带有7 TeV能量的质子的轨道弯曲城环状。
应为:成环状
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