我需要用什么样的计算机来参加 SETI@home?
在
窗口(Windows)版 systems (95/98/NT) 您将会需要一台计算机至少拥有32MB的内存,
在8-bit可以显示800X600的分辨率的显示卡, 10 MB的硬盘空间, 以及因特网(不一定要是固网, 拨接也可以) 在
苹果系统(Macintosh)版 您需要跟上面前面一样的规格再加上PowerPC处理器以及苹果系统操作系统 7.5.5 或更新的版本. 您也可以将
SETI@home 装在偶而会联机的笔记型计算机中. SETI@home 也支持很多UNIX的版本
UNIX版, 包含了在不同中央处理器上的Linux. 我们希望将来我们可以做到支持 OS/2 以及 BeOS 的计算机系统.
我们将不会发展支持WebTV的版本. 本系统没有中央处理器速度及联机速度的基本要求. 不管您是住在地球上的任何一个角落, 您都能使用本系统.
我需要了解所有关于 SETI@home 的科学原理才能参加 SETI@home 吗?
不需要, 您只要下载
SETI@home 程序并且将它安装在您的计算机上就可以了.
下载 SETI@home 需要花多少时间?
如果您是使用28.8Kbps的调制解调器的话, 大约是5分钟.
我使用的是计时制的网络, SETI@home 会花费很多时间吗?
SETI@home
只有在传送数据时会联机. 这样的联机大慨几天才会发生一次, 每次大概5分钟而已. 所有的分析及计算工作都可以在您的计算机离线的情况下完成.
为什么你们要将这个程序做成屏幕保护程序而不是背景程序, 做成背景程序不就可以一直运行了吗?
SETI@home
在运作时会使用大量的内存, 这对有些计算机而言有可能导致管理主存储器及磁盘之间的置换(swapping). 我们尽量的使 SETI@home
不要影响到您平常使用计算机的习惯. 所以在个人计算机及苹果系统计算机上, SETI@home 的默认值是屏幕保护程序.
但您如果已经有您喜爱的屏幕保护程序或您不想使用屏幕保护程序, SETI@home 也可以用背景程序的形式没有图形的全天候运作
UNIX版的运作模式就是以没有图形的方式运作.
你们为什么不用爪哇(JAVA)程序来写这一套程序?
现阶段来说,
以JAVA来执行的速度还不够快, 而且有太多的因素会因使用者的计算机而影响如果我们使用C语言.
使用 SETI@home 对计算机安全吗?
这一个客户端/屏幕保护程序只应该从我们的网站上下载 - 我们不支持从别处下载的 SETI@home 程序.
这一个程序只会下载或上传数据经过我们置于柏克莱(Berkeley)的服务器. 这一个数据服务器并不会上传或下载任何的可执行程序代码. 不管如何,
一个屏幕保护程序再怎么说都比您现在正在浏览的网页来的还要安全!
这个屏幕保护程序有办法在多处理器的计算机上使用两颗以上的中央处理器吗?
以现在来说, 还不支持多任务处理,
但也许以后的版本会有支持.
你们为什么不公布出程序原始码?
由于科学上以及安全性上的考量,
我们决定不公布本程序的原始码. 假如我们没办法让所有的使用者都以相同的程序来分析我们的档案, 我们将无法控制我们的研究情况, 也就无法对我们的研究成果有信心.
我们同时也担心有一些人会试着攻击或破坏我们的数据库以及服务器.
使用SETI@home 很复杂吗? 我需要启动或关闭它吗, 我要如何上传结果呢? 我的计算机需要一直连上线路吗?
使用者并不需要做任何的步骤.
分析完成的数据会再下一次使用者上网(浏览网页, 收发电子邮件, 或其它网络活动等等), 使用者也可以设定让本程序在每一次连接上线时先征得使用者的同意.
我可以使用 SETI@home 在有防火墙(firewalls)或代理主机(proxies)的计算机上吗?
SETI@home
所使用的是HTTP协议, 它可以在装有准许对外传输, 部分开放式防火墙的计算机上运行最新的 SETI@home 版本应该能在更严谨的防火墙或代理主机后运行.
如果您在窗口的环境下经过SOCKS服务器联机有问题的话,您可以考虑使用 NEC(恩益禧) 的SocksCap在
http://www.socks.nec.com/sockscap.html 或者是 Hummingbird(蜂鸟) 的 Socks 在
http://www.hummingbird.com/products/nc/socks/index.html 这两个程序都可以让 SETI@home
像是在直接联机一般的运作.
如果您经由微软的代理服务器服务有密码保护的问题(Password Protection), 请参观 Proxomitron(网络过滤程序?):
http://spywaresucks.org/prox/.
如果您是使用窗口95的早期版本,
您也许会有问题使用HTTP代理伺服联机. 微软有提供更新版 Winsock 2 driver 解决了这样的问题, 让您可以使用 SETI@home 联机.
请在微软公司网站产品讯息的区域找寻 "Windows Socket 2". 这一个程序大约 986 kbytes 大小,
是在窗口95的第一个更新(service pack 1)就已经释出的程序.
如果您需要更多关于安装
Proxomition 的讯息, 请 按这里.
我下载了 SETI@home 软件, 但是我的计算机不知道要如何处理.exe/.sit/.hqx/.tar的档案 - 我该怎么办?
窗口版的程序有扩展名结尾是 .exe
的, 苹果系统版有扩展名结尾是 .sit 或 .hqx 的, UNIX版有扩展名是 .tar 的 - 很有可能您下载了不符合您操作系统的版本.
屏幕保护程序的图形没有在动, 会不会烧坏我的屏幕?
在大部分的屏幕上, 应该不会.
为了小心起见, 请在屏幕保护程序的选项设定中选择选择"Go to blank screen".
我可以在多台计算机上使用同一个 SETI@home 的账户吗?
是的,
您可以在多台计算机上使用同一个账户 - 只要您用的使用者名称是一样的, 所有您完成的分析, 功劳都会在您的名下.
请注意,
在窗口或苹果系统工作环境下, 现阶段来说只能有一个 SETI@home 程序运作, 如果您是使用多个 SETI@home UNIX版 来运作,
每一个都必须在不同的路径. 在安装时, 请记得每一次安装一个 SETI@home 到不同的路径. 然后您就可以将各个路径的 SETI@home 分别启动.
我们没传回去的工作单位会如何?它们会永远消失吗?
我们对每一个寄出去的工作单位都留有纪录, 如果某一个工作单位很久都没有被传回来的话, 我们的计算机会自行寄出同样的一份工作单位给另一位使用者.
只有在我们接到该工作单位的结果后, 我们才会将该工作单位从我们的硬盘中移除.
我可以用没连上线的计算机来执行 SETI@home 吗?
不行. 虽然在理论上来说,
资料以及结果可以经由磁盘片传送到有上线功能的计算机, 但我们并不支持这一项功能. 请同时参考
我可以用很少连上线的计算机来执行 SETI@home 吗?
我可以用很少连上线的计算机来执行 SETI@home 吗?
Yes. Please note
example scripts:
FetchCache and
RunCache
如果我没有将结果上传回去你们的伺服机, 你们的伺服机要隔多久才会将同样的一份工作单位再寄给别人?
以现阶段来说,
我们暂时的做法是将同一份数据(就是工作单位)寄给一些使用者, 只要我们有接获两份以上的结果回传, 我们就将该份工作单位从我们的计算机中移除.
这样的做法可以让我们加速新数据的取得以及加速我们将庞大的数据分离成每一个工作单位的速度.
如果我只想将结果传回你们的伺服机而不想在下载任何的工作单位, 我要如何设定呢?
将任何一个档案拷贝到
SETI@home 的档案夹中. 从新命名这个档案为 "stop_after_send.txt". (在寄出后停止) 在苹果系统版本, "SETI@home
Data" in the Preferences folder, 在系统的档案夹中; 在UNIX版 及 窗口版中, SETI@home 的档案夹就是
SETI@home.exe 所在位置的档案夹. 假如您在未来想继续执行 SETI@home 的话, 您只要将 "stop_after_send.txt"
移除就可以了.
根据你们的统计数据网页, 有一些操作系统的处理效能比我的操作系统快了好多! 这是为什么?
这主要是因为中央处理器的处理速度不同的影响. 另外, 由于 UNIX版的 SETI@home 并没有图形显示, 速度自然会快了许多.
如果您想在苹果系统及窗口板上加速您的处理速度, 您可以将您的屏幕保护程序设定为几分钟后转为全黑(blank), 少了图形显示, 程序的执行速度会加速很多.
值得一提的是早期的设计给窗口的版本(1.05版之前)由于有程序错误, 会显示不正确的处理器时间(CPU times).
在新的窗口版及苹果系统版的程序中, 为何寻找高斯(Gaussions)信息的图表不见了? 在这些新版的程序中, 还有在寻找高斯信息吗?
程序依旧在寻找高斯信息,
只是不将搜寻过程显示出来而已. 只有在程序找到很强烈的高斯讯号时, 它才会将图表显示出来, 并通知我们.
我已经使用 SETI@home 作为我的屏幕保护程序, 当它启动时, 它好像一直受到某种干扰, 这是怎么回事?
SETI@home
的程序很有可能是受到另一个屏幕保护程序的影响, 或另一个类似屏幕保护程序的程序的影响. 因为 SETI@home 是以对最不影响您的计算机效能为前提设计的,
假使有任何一个程序需要运作, SETI@home 就会将自己暂停, 以其能使其它的程序顺利运作. 一个最常见的情形就是当您有安装 McAfee 防毒软件的时侯,
请您将屏幕扫描(ScreenScan)关掉, 因为它会一直影响 SETI@home 的运作.
我要如何更新我的登入电子信箱地址及个人数据呢?
如果您要改变的是 除了
电子邮件以外的任何数据,您可以使用这个在线的表格 :
修改账号数据.
如果您想要修改的是您的电子邮件地址,您必须要能够使用您的旧电子信箱, 因为我们将会将密码寄到您的旧电子信箱中. 假如您无法使用您的旧电子信箱,
或您在第一次登入时打错了您的信箱地址, 您就必须以一个全新的使用者以正确的信箱来重新登入.
由于安全性以及管理上的方便,
任何的数据修改都必须使用我们的
修改账号数据 表格
我还能使用窗口(Windows)的屏幕保护程序的密码保护吗?
SETI@home
的运作就跟其它的屏幕保护程序依样, 所以您可以使用密码保护的功能, 就像其它的屏幕保护程序.
SETI@home 使用了90%的时间在我的两颗处理器上, 这是怎么回事, 这个软件不是不支持多执行绪(Multithreaded)处理吗?
其中的一个处理器在做图形接口的计算,
另一颗处理器在做数据分析 (严格来说, SETI@home 是部分支持多执行绪(Multithreaded)处理的程序).
我的计算机显示无法打开state.txt档案. 为什么?
这很有可能是受到了微软程序中的快速搜寻(FastFind)功能的影响. 快速搜寻(FastFind)会自动的将计算机上所有的文件集合成一个整理过的目录.
当她在整理这个目录的时候, 有时会锁住state.txt檔. 如果您要避免这个情形, 请将快速搜寻设定成内部最大数目为999小时.
(请按开始->设定->控制台. Select FastFind. Click on Index and select 'Interval' and change
the interval.)[管理工注意..这里有问题..我在控制台中找不到Fast Find的地址]
SETI@home 程序有支持代理服务器认证(Proxy Authentication)吗?
是的,请参考
我可以使用 SETI@home 在有防火墙(firewalls)或代理主机(proxies)的计算机上吗.
计算机好像出了问题, 无法连上网络. 那些除错码(error numbers)代表什么意思?
If you set "Ask me
before connecting" in the Preferences dialog, SETI@home will display more
detailed information for many errors.
Due to
overwhelming interest in the SETI@home project, the server may intermittently be
unreachable as too many clients are trying to connect. The server may also be
occasionally down for maintainance. If you are unable to connect, please wait an
hour and try again.
当我上传了分析后的结果及取的新的工作单位时, 为什么 "已分析数据单位(Data units completed)" 及 "计算机工作总时数(Total
computer time)" 的数值并未更新?
When we receive
the results of a completed work unit at our server, it is transferred to a
separate computer for processing. There may be a delay of up to a few days
before the results are assimilated and verified. Your credit is updated only
after verification of the work unit results data. Once the server has updated
your statistics, your computer will receive the revised values the next time it
connects to the server. This means that your displayed statistics will generally
lag behind the work actually done.
有任何版本的 SETI@home 是设计给平行处理(parallel systems)的计算机像 Beowulf 或 多处理器计算机吗?
No. You can
parallelize SETI@home by running multiple instances of it, either on a
multiprocessor or on the nodes of a cluster. Just make sure that each instance
runs in a different directory.
你们会出窗口(Windows)3.X 的版本吗?
Not a graphical
one. We may be able to do a command-line (DOS) version.
请问有任何一个版本是使用NT Servive的吗? 我要如何将 SETI@home 当作是NT Service来执行?
We don't
officially have a version that runs as an NT service out-of-the-box, but
here are instructions about how you can make SETI@home an NT service
yourself.
在我的计算机里有好多的 state.sah 及 key.sah. 这是怎么一回事?
This is not a
SETI@Home bug but a virus ("hybris-b") that causes this behavior. Please
download your latest anti-virus updates and disinfect your systems.
在使用 SETI@home 的时候, 我可以使用其它的屏幕保护程序吗?
Yes. In
Preferences, select "Data Analysis Always Runs". Select a different screensaver.
SETI@home will run, even while the screensaver is running.
我想使用我的账号, 但是我忘了我的密码. 以前用来申请这一个账号的电子邮件信箱我已经不再使用了, 你们可以让我继续使用我的账号吗?
In order to
protect your account from modification by others, we require both your e-mail
address and password for access. If you lose this information, we unfortunately
cannot help you access your account or your credits. You will need to create a
new account with a valid e-mail address to access any future credit.
如果真的有外星的讯号被侦测到了, 会有什么情况发生?
A
Declaration of Principles has been agreed upon by SETI researchers around
the world. First, other SETI researchers will independently verify the signal.
If the signal is real and can't be explained by man-made sources (satellites,
reflections etc.) then press agencies and governments will be notified in a
systematic way.
如果外星人是经由我的计算机所发现的, 我会有什么样的荣耀?
Yes. Our software
keeps track of where each piece work is done. If your computer is involved in
the detection, you will, if you wish, be listed as a co-discoverer.
SETI@home 的计划好像只准备使用两年, 为什么不让他无限期的继续下去?
Due to the large
response and the high quality of the data analysis we're going to extend the
project past the two year point. We'll also be extending the project to include
either data in another frequency band, data from a southern hemisphere
observatory, or both.
如果你们找到了一个讯号, 你们要如何将这个讯息解译出来?
Our goal is simply
to find the signal. If it contains information, it may require experts in
linguistics or mathematics to decipher it.
天文望远镜是如何取的这些数据, 又是如何将这些数据传送到我的计算机?
Data is recorded
on high density tapes at the Arecibo telescope in Puerto Rico, about one 35
Gbyte tape per day, then mailed to Berkeley, then divided into 0.25 Mbyte chunks
which get sent from the Seti@Home server over the internet to people around the
world to analyze. Arecibo does not have a high bandwidth internet connection, so
data must go by snail mail to Berkeley at first.
你们会寄比较大的工作单位到较快的计算机吗?
No, all computers
receive the same size chunks. Faster computers will finish each chunk faster,
then immediately get a new chunk to work on, so we'll keep them busy all the
time.
哪一些讯号(signal)会被我的计算机分析, 而这些讯息分析又是以何种形式执行?
We search for
strong narrow band signals. It's like tuning your radio set to various channels,
and looking at the signal strength meter. If the strength meter goes up, that
gets our attention. More technically, it's a lot of digital signal processing,
mostly Fourier Transforms at various chirp rates and durations.
We also search for
pulsing and drifting signals, and signals which match the antenna beam pattern
as the telescope slews across the sky. The analysis software searches for
signals about 10 times weaker than any search done to date, because it makes use
of a computationally intensive algorithm called "coherent integration" that no
one else (including our Serendip program) has had the computing power to
implement.
我传送回去的结果是以何种方式和其它人的传送结果合在一起?
They are merged in
a database using our computers here, interference is rejected, and various
pattern detection algorithms are applied to search for the most interesting
signals.
你们有任何的程序可以确认我寄回去的数据是真正计算完成的而不是一个假的完成讯息吗?
Yes. Without going
into detail (for obvious reasons) we have a mechanism that detects forged
results.
你们是如何避免有人改变(Hacking)程序代码, 因此寄回了一些假的外星讯息吗?
See the above
question. Besides, it wouldn't matter - if there's a "hit", we will analyze that
chunk of data ourselves to verify it.
有没有可能说如果太多人使用这个程序而导致天文望远镜所能撷取的数据量不够用户们分析? 如果有可能的话, 你们又是如何解决这样的问题?
It's possible. Up
to a point, we will handle it by sending the same data to more than one user.
Beyond that, if we can afford it, we will set up another data recorder at
Arecibo and record a wider frequency range (our current system records only 2.5
MHz out of SERENDIP's 100 MHz bandwidth).
使用 SETI@home 会造成中央处理器负荷过重或甚至烧坏吗?
No. The CPU on
most computers is always executing instructions (often the operating system's
"idle loop") whenever the computer is turned on. It's no additional strain to
execute SETI@home.
为什么只有一部分的 SETI@home 窗口出现在我的屏幕上呢?
In response to
many requests from our users, SETI@home will now run on systems with screen
resolutions smaller than 800X600 pixels. But if the window is larger than the
screen resolution, parts of the SETI@home display window may extend off the edge
of the screen; if this happens, move the window around to see all the data, or
set the display to a higher resolution.
我要如何才能让 SETI@home 用最快的速度运算?
Select the "Blank
screen after 1 minute" option under Screensaver Settings, and select "Data
analysis always runs" in the Preferences dialog. Minimize the application
window.
如果我在我的计算机上加上更多的内存, SETI@home 会运行的较快吗 (就像从128mb升级到256mb)?
SETI@home uses
about 16 MB of RAM while it's running. Beyond a certain point (typically 64MB,
more if you run memory-itensive applications) more RAM won't make it run faster.
如果我在 SETI@home 在计算时关机, 数据会不会流失?
No. SETI@home
writes its results to disk every minute or two.
Why is curve fitting done for some FFTs and not others?
If time resolution
does not yield 64 or more time bins, or if the slew rate is out of bounds, the
curve-fitting routine is not called. In the curve-fitting routine, if a Power of
Time array has no bin above 3 sigma, skip that array. For each bin (i.e., each
candidate Gaussian) if amplitude not above 3.2 sigma (mean recalculated to
exclude peak) skip that bin.
为什么有一些的工作单位(Work Unit)很快就算完了?
Why did the progress bar suddenly jump to 100% only part way through the
analysis?
Occasionally, a
work unit will contain strong radio interference; these strong interfering
signals typically come from satellites and radar from our own civilization. If
the interference is very strong, the SETI@home program can not analyze that part
of the spectrum, and after trying for a few minutes and detecting thousands of
strong signals of earth origin, the program stops early in the processing and
gets a new work unit. You will still get credit for the work done.
为什么3.X版的工作单位(Work Unit)的完成时间会有这么大的差距?
With version 3.0,
we introduced 2 new algorithms to search for pulsed signals. One is a
generalized pulse finder and the other is a fast triplet finder. See
How SETI@home works for description of the algorithms. The generalized pulse
finder, while highly optimized, is still very compute intensive. In order to
balance sensitivity to pulsed signals (a good thing) with workunit throughput
(also a good thing), the client will apply the pulse finder more often in some
workunits than others.
The finer the time
resolution (ie, the greater the number of bins in the time dimension), the more
effective the pulse finding will be. The pulse finder always works with a chunk
of data covering 1 telescope beam (0.1 degrees on the sky). For any given
frequency resolution, the time resolution of 1 beam is determined entirely by
the slew rate of the telescope at the time that the data were acquired. On one
hand, the pulse finder does not bother with very coarse time resolutions and on
the other, it avoids superfine time resolutions, as the execution time becomes
prohibitively large. There is always a tradeoff and we have tried to achieve the
optimal balance. Slew rate also affects whether or not the client executes the
gaussian finder.
The following
chart shows what gets executed at various slew rates. The corresponding angle
range is also given. You can see the angle range for your workunit in the
workunit header. The horizontal axis is frequency resolution in both FFT length
and Hz. For any given slew rate / frequency resolution pair, you can see whether
gaussian finding (G), pulse finding (P) or triplet finding (T) is executed.
slewrate |
AR |
128K |
64K |
32K |
16K |
8K |
4K |
2K |
1K |
512 |
256 |
128 |
64 |
32 |
16 |
8 |
- |
- |
0.075 |
0.149 |
0.298 |
0.596 |
1.192 |
2.384 |
4.768 |
9.537 |
19.07 |
38.15 |
76.29 |
152.59 |
305.18 |
610.35 |
1220.7 |
0.000000 |
0.000000 |
- |
- |
T |
T |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
T |
T |
0.001000 |
0.107374 |
- |
- |
T |
T |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
T |
T |
0.002000 |
0.214748 |
- |
- |
- |
T |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
T |
0.003000 |
0.322123 |
- |
- |
- |
GT |
GPT |
GPT |
GPT |
GPT |
GPT |
GPT |
GPT |
GPT |
GPT |
GPT |
GPT |
0.004000 |
0.429497 |
- |
- |
- |
G |
GPT |
GPT |
GPT |
GPT |
GPT |
GPT |
GPT |
GPT |
GPT |
GPT |
GPT |
0.005000 |
0.536871 |
- |
- |
- |
G |
GPT |
GPT |
GPT |
GPT |
GPT |
GPT |
GPT |
GPT |
GPT |
GPT |
GPT |
0.006000 |
0.644246 |
- |
- |
- |
G |
GPT |
GPT |
GPT |
GPT |
GPT |
GPT |
GPT |
GPT |
GPT |
GPT |
GPT |
0.007000 |
0.751620 |
- |
- |
- |
G |
GPT |
GPT |
GPT |
GPT |
GPT |
GPT |
GPT |
GPT |
GPT |
GPT |
GPT |
0.008000 |
0.858994 |
- |
- |
- |
G |
G |
GPT |
GPT |
GPT |
GPT |
GPT |
GPT |
GPT |
GPT |
GPT |
GPT |
0.009000 |
0.966368 |
- |
- |
- |
G |
G |
GPT |
GPT |
GPT |
GPT |
GPT |
GPT |
GPT |
GPT |
GPT |
GPT |
0.011000 |
1.181117 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
0.012000 |
1.288491 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
0.013000 |
1.395865 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
0.014000 |
1.503240 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
0.015000 |
1.610614 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
0.016000 |
1.717988 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
0.017000 |
1.825362 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
0.018000 |
1.932736 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
0.019000 |
2.040111 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
0.020000 |
2.147485 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
PT |
What sort of spectrum is currently being emitted by earth? Is that signal
visible say 10 or 50 light years away? If SETI were on a planet say 10-50 light
years from here and running this project there, would it be able to detect
earth's signal (assuming it was looking in our direction)?
Earth is polluting
space with radio and television signals that might be detected by nearby
advanced civilizations, but it would be difficult for such a civilization to
discover these signals if they only have Earth's current level of technology
(eg: if they have an Arecibo like telescope and SETI@home like search).
Early TV shows
like I Love Lucy and Ed Sullivan left the earth about 40 years ago, so have gone
out 40 light years, reaching several thousand nearby stars. But these signals
are relatively weak and SETI@home is not likely to detect the equivalent of
Earth type TV transmitters, even on the nearest stars.
Earth's strongest
transmitters might be somewhat easier to detect, such as those emitted by
military radars, or some radio telescopes. The Arecibo telescope transmits very
powerful signals when it is used as a radar system to study planets, asteroids
and the ionosphere. These radar signals are powerful enough to be detected
10,000 light years away by searches like SETI@home, except for three big
caveats:
a) The Arecibo
transmissions are in a very tight beam (they are not omnidirectional, like TV
and military radar), so they only cover a very small part of the sky at once
(about a millionth of the total sky). It's is unlikely another civilization will
be within one of these narrow beams.
b) The Arecibo
transmitter's oldest signals left Earth about 30 years ago, so have only
travelled 30 light years.
c) SETI@home is
not searching the band of frequencies that the Arecibo transmitters utilize
(although our older SERENDIP III program did survey one of those bands).
我要如何才能叫出 SETI@home 的工作窗口?
Click on the
SETI@home icon in the Menu Bar and select Launch.
不管何时, 当 SETI@home 连上服务器后, 马上就会出错.
First, select
"Proxy Settings" from the menu and check that they are correct.
If that is not the
problem, then try this: Set "Ask me before connecting" in the SETI@home
Preferences. Manually tell your computer to dial the Internet. Then select
"Connect Now" from the SETI@home menu while your computer is connected to the
Internet. (To dial manually, use the OTPPP, Remote Acess or FreePPP control
panel.)
If this solves
your problem, your computer's Internet software may be incorrectly configured.
Instructions for setting this up are given under
我要如何设定才能让我的苹果系统计算机自动联机?.
我要如何设定才能让我的苹果系统计算机自动联机?
Macintosh dial-up
Internet software comes in 2 flavors, Open Transport and FreePPP. On OS 9, Open
Transport is called "Remote Access". If you are using Open Transport (OTPPP or
"Remote Access"), then:
1) Under the Apple
menu, select Control Panels and PPP ("Remote Access" in OS 9). make sure it has
the correct phone number of your ISP, login name and password. To connect
unattended, you must have "Save password" set.
2) Press the
"Options" button, then select the "Connection" tab. Set "Connect automatically
..." and "Disconnect if idle for xx minutes". Set the disconnect delay to
whatever number you wish.
3) You may also
set the "prompt every xx minutes" checkbox if you wish. If the computer is
unattended, so there is no response to the reminder, it will go ahead and
disconnect after a few minutes.
If you are using
FreePPP, then:
1) Find and open
the FreePPP Setup application. Select the "General" tab.
2) Set "Allow
applications to open connection" and "Disconnect if idle for xx minutes". Set
the disconnect delay to whatever number you wish.
为什么 Preferences(喜好设定), Help and Login menu(登入) 的选择项目有时候是被disabled(停止使用)?
These are disabled
while SETI@home is transferring data over the Internet, as they could interfere
with the transfer.
我可以让 SETI@home 不当成系统扩增(system extension)吗?
Yes. Move the
SETI@home icon out of the System Folder : Control Panels folder, to another
location (such as the desktop), and restart your Macintosh. You can run
SETI@home as a stand-alone application whenever you wish. But if you have
another screensaver installed, SETI@home will run very slowly when the other
screensaver is active, and the other screensavers animation may be sluggish or
jerky.
当 SETI@home 在执行时, 有时候按下键盘或点击鼠标会没反应.
Response to user
input may be a bit sluggish on Macintosh models with slower processors (prior to
G3), or with less than 32MB of physical RAM. You may sometimes need to hold the
mouse button over the Menu Bar for a few seconds before getting a response.
有时候我无法从[开始]功能及热键启动 SETI@home.
SETI@home will not
launch if another application has a modal dialog frontmost. The Standard File
(Open and Save) dialogs are examples of modal dialogs. You must dismiss the
modal dialog for SETI@home to launch.
SETI@home 有时候变的好慢, 甚至慢到都停下来了.
Different portions
of the same work unit can vary greatly in speed. If progress seems to freeze, be
patient and let it run overnight. It may have gotten past the slow spot by then.
我要如何才能让 SETI@home 用最快的速度运算?
Here are some
suggestions:
-
Each time
SETI@home launches, it optimizes itself for the current monitor color depth
(256 colors, Thousands, Millions). If you change the color depth while
SETI@home is running, it may slow things to a crawl.
-
It should run
reasonably at any screen depth, but it will run somewhat faster at lower
screen depths (256 colors) than higher ones. Screen resolution (800X600,
1024X732, etc.) should have negligible effect on speed.
-
In screensaver
mode, SETI@home runs fastest if the screen is blanked, so for maximum speed
set the preferences to blank the screen after a short time.
-
In application
mode, SETI@home runs fastest if its window is collapsed, using the
Windowshade feature under OS 8.0 and later.
-
Many Macintosh
models are equipped with the Energy Saver Control Panel. This can put the
computer's processor, hard drive, and monitor in a low-power sleep mode if
the mouse and keyboard have been idle for a period of time. Although
SETI@home can continue to run when the computer is in sleep mode, it will
run much slower. You may want to change the settings in the Energy Saver
Control Panel to let SETI@home have more time. Some people prefer to have
the computer never sleep so it can analyze more signals, while others prefer
to save electricity. The choice is up to you.
我要如何设定才能让我的计算机能在下载或上传工作单位给 SETI@home 服务器后自动切断网络联机?
Dial-up Internet
software comes in 2 flavors, Open Transport and FreePPP. If you are using Open
Transport (OTPPP), then:
1) Under the Apple
menu, select Control Panels and PPP. make sure it has the correct phone number
of your ISP, login name and password. To connect unattended, you must have "Save
password" set.
2) Press the
"Options" button, then select the "Connection" tab. Set "Connect automatically
..." and "Disconnect if idle for xx minutes. Set the disconnect delay to
whatever number you wish. 10 minutes is a good value.
3) You may also
set the "prompte every xx minutes" checkbox if you wish. If the computer is
unattended, so there is no response to the reminder, it will go ahead and
disconnect after a few minutes.
If you are using
FreePPP, then:
1) Find and open
the FreePPP Setup application. Select the "General" tab. (If you don't see the
"General" tab, click the small triangle in the lower left corner.)
2) Set "Allow
applications ot open connection" and "Disconnect if idle for xx minutes". Set
the disconnect delay to whatever number you wish. 10 minutes is a good value.
我要如何设定才能让我的计算机能在下载或上传工作单位给 SETI@home 服务器后自动切断网络联机?
1) From the Start
button, select "Settings" and then "Control Panels". Open the "Internet Options"
Control Panel.
2) Select the
"Connections" tab. Make sure the desired "Dial-up networking" selection is set
as the default. (The set default button will be grayed out if you select the
current default in the list.)
3) Set "Always
dial my default connection".
4) Select the
correct "Dial-up networking" from the list, and click on the "Settings..."
button.
5) Another dialog
box "xxxx Settings" appears. Press the "Advanced" button.
6) The "Advanced
Dial-Up" dialog will appear. Set "Disconnect if idle for xx minutes" Set the
disconnect delay to whatever number you wish. If you wish, you may also set
"Disconnect when conection may be no longer needed.
计算机好像出了问题, 无法连上网络. 那些除错码(error numbers)代表什么意思?
If you set "Ask me
before connecting" in the Preferences dialog, SETI@home will display more
detailed information for many errors.
不管何时, 当 SETI@home 连上服务器后, 马上就会出错. (Windows)
First, select
"Proxy Settings" from the menu and check that they are correct.
If that is not the
problem, then try this: Set "Ask me before connecting" in the SETI@home
Preferences. Manually tell your computer to dial the Internet. Then select
"Connect Now" from the SETI@home menu while your computer is connected to the
Internet. (To dial manually, select Start -> Programs -> Accessories -> Dial-Up
Networking, and double-click the desired connection.) If this solves your
problem, your computer's "Internet Options" control panel may be incorrectly
configured. Instructions for setting this up are given under
我要如何设定才能让我的计算机自动联机?.
If your PC does
not have a relatively recent version of Internet Explorer, you may not have the
software needed for SETI@home to dial your modem. IE versions 4 and later
install the needed software; we have not tested with older versions of IE. The
needed file is c:\WINDOWS\SYSTEM\wininet.dll.
我要如何设定才能让我的计算机自动联机? (Windows)
For Windows 95 and
98, do the following steps:
1) From the Start
button, select "Settings" and then "Control Panels". Open the "Internet Options"
Control Panel.
2) Select the "Connections" tab. Make sure the desired "Dial-up networking"
selection is set as the default. (The set default button will be grayed out if
you select the current default in the list.)
3) Set "Always dial my default connection".
4) Select the correct "Dial-up networking" from the list, and click on the
"Settings..." button.
5) Another dialog box "xxxx Settings" appears. Press the "Advanced" button.
6) The "Advanced Dial-Up" dialog will appear. Set "Disconnect if idle for xx
minutes" Set the disconnect delay to whatever number you wish. If you wish, you
may also set "Disconnect when conection may be no longer needed."
7) Close the "Internet Options" Control Panel.
8) Double-click on "My Computer", and then on "Dial-Up Networking". Double-click
on the default "Dial-up networking" icon. Make sure the "Save password" box is
checked. If not, check it and click on "Connect", then "Cancel". Close the
dialog.
For Windows NT do
this: 1) Click Start, point to Programs, point to Accessories, and then click
Dial-Up Networking.
2) Click More, and then click User preferences.
3) In the Enable Auto-Dial By Location dialog box, select each location for
which you want the automatic dialing feature to operate.
4) Click OK and then restart the computer.
我可以将一个工作单位分成两部分, 一半给图形接口的程序执行, 一半给文字接口的程序执行吗?
No. Due to our new
security measures to prevent falsified results, if a work unit has been partly
completed by a different version of SETI@home, the progress will be reset to
zero and the work unit will be processed from the beginning.
为何我找不到计算高斯信息的图表呢?
After each pass
over the data, SETI@home does a preliminary check to see if the data's
properties indicate a possible gaussian curve. If not, it saves time by skipping
the gaussian analysis. For some work units (those with slow slew rates), no
gaussian fit calculations are done for the entire work unit, so this area of the
display remains empty.
当 SETI@home 在分析一个工作单位时, 它突然停止计算后归零, 并且从头开始分析. 这是怎么回事?
There are several
possibilities. If you have SETI@home set to connect automatically to the
Internet, it may have returned the result and gotten a new work unit. (If a work
unit has too much radio interference or RFI, then SETI@home may request a new
work unit much sooner than usual.)
If SETI@home's
processing was interrupted abnormally by a system error or power interruption,
its output files may have been corrupted. In this case, SETI@home will restart
the work unit from zero automatically.
我还是无法经由微软的代理服务器连接上线, 我该怎么办呢?
If you're having
trouble connecting with password protection through Microsoft Proxy Server,
check out Proxomitron:
http://spywaresucks.org/prox/.
Please be aware
that Proxomitron is third party software, and therefore out of SETI@home
control, but it has been recommended by various users including
Nick.Roux@Bigfoot.com who posted these cookbook instructions on the
sci.astro.seti newsgroup (thanks, Nick!):
1. Download
Proxomitron (at
) and install it.
2. Go to
'Headers", find 'Proxy-Authorization', select 'In' and 'Out' and click on
'Edit'. In the 'Replacement Text' field enter 'basic user:password' replacing
user and password with your userid and password for the your MS Proxy server.
Highlight user:password and rightclick on it. Select 'Mime Encode', 'Encode
String'. The 'Replacement text' field should now look something like 'basic
dXNlcjpwYXNzd29yZA=='
3. Click OK, OK
4. Click on
'Proxy' and add the name:port of your MS Proxy Click OK
5. Select the 'Use
Remote Proxy' Checkbox Save your changes.
6. In S@H select
Settings/Proxy Server and add 'localhost', port 8080 as your proxy.
Now Proxomitron
will automatically sign on to the MS Proxy.
你们有计划要将 SETI@home 程序为G4/3DNow/或其它的指令组最佳化吗?
暂时来说,
我们没有计划要在短期内为任何的中央处理器的指令组作最佳化. 为来的版本也许会作最佳化, 但应该不会是近期内的版本.
我还在使用 SETI@home 第X.XX版, 我需要在我升级到新的版本之前做任何步骤吗?
不, 您不需要做任何的更改步骤,
SETI@home 会自行侦测计算机中的旧版本, 然后依据需要自行跟新.
你们有计划要将 SETI@home 程序修改成可支持为多处理器系统(像双处理器G4)吗?
是的, 我们的确有这个计划,
但不会是在3.0版, 可能会是在以后的新版本中.
请问 Seti@home 对未来的科学研究工作而言是一个良好的工作模式(雏形)吗? 还有其它跟 SETI@home 类似的程序吗?
有的, 有一部份的公司使用同样的工作模式, 它们有的是做遗传基因(Genome analysis)分析, 有的是做经济(financial
analysis)分析也有的是做新药发展分析.
SETI@home 的计算机计算及分析能力到底有多强, 如果拿来跟超级计算机比呢?
IBM 最强的计算机 ASCI White,大概有 12 TeraFLOPS 的能力, 价值大概在11亿美金(US$110 Million) SETI@home
所使用的计算机们大慨有 15 TeraFLOPs 的能力, 大概的价值是50万美金(US$500K). 这是由于 SETI@home
将大部分的计算功能分散到世界各地的使用者的缘故.
请问像这样 "用大量的家庭计算机来分析多笔数据" 的主意是谁想到的, 又是在什么时候想到的?
这个主意是 David Gedye 及 Craig Kasnoff 于1994年在西雅图的一个圣诞晚会中提出来的, 但可能更早一前就有人想到这个方法.
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